The Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST / SGOT) test is a liver function test that measures the AST or SGOT enzyme in the blood. Aspartate aminotransferase, also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), is one of the two most common enzymes that is used to evaluate liver function. AST test results and other liver function tests can help doctors screen, diagnose and monitor liver diseases effectively.